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Texas Southern University (shortened to Texas Southern or simply TSU) is a historically black university (HBCU) located in Houston, Texas, accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. The University was established in 1927 as the Houston Colored Junior College. It developed through its private college phase as the four-year Houston Colored College. On March 3, 1947, the state declared this to be the first state university in Houston; it was renamed Texas State University for Negroes. In 1951, the name changed to Texas Southern University. Texas Southern University is one of the largest and most comprehensive HBCUs in the nation. TSU is one of only four independent public universities in Texas (those not affiliated with any of Texas' six public university systems) and the only HBCU in Texas recognized as one of ''America's Top Colleges'' by Forbes magazine. TSU is the leading producer of college degrees to African Americans and Hispanics in Texas and ranks 4th in the United States in doctoral and professional degrees conferred to African Americans. The university is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund. Waldivia Ardlaw of ''Cite: The Architecture + Design Review of Houston'' wrote that the university serves as "the cultural and community center of" the Third Ward area where it is located, in addition to being its university.〔Wardlaw, Alvia. "(Heart of the Third Ward: Texas Southern University )" ((Archive )). ''Cite: The Architecture + Design Review of Houston''. Rice Design Alliance, Fall 1996. Volume 35. p.20.〕 == History == On March 7, 1927 the Houston Independent School District school board resolved to establish junior colleges for each race, as the state was racially segregated in all public facilities. The resolution created Houston Junior College (later became the University of Houston) and Houston Colored Junior College. The Houston Colored Junior College first held classes at Jack Yates High School during the evenings. It later changed its name to Houston College for Negroes. In February 1946, Heman Marion Sweatt, an African-American man, applied to the University of Texas School of Law. He was denied admission because of race, and subsequently filed suit in ''Sweatt v. Painter'' (1950). The state had no law school for African Americans. Instead of granting Sweatt a ''writ of mandamus'' to attend the University of Texas, the trial court granted a continuance for six months to allow the state time to create a law school for blacks. As a result, the state founded Texas Southern University under Texas Senate Bill 140 by the Fiftieth Texas Legislature on March 3, 1947 as a state university to be located in Houston. Originally named Texas State University for Negroes, the school was established to serve African Americans in Texas and offer them fields of study comparable to those available to white Texans. The state took over the Houston Independent School District (HISD)-run Houston College for Negroes as a basis for the new university. At the time, Houston College moved to the present site (adjacent to the University of Houston), which was donated by Hugh Roy Cullen. It had one permanent building and an existing faculty and students. The new university was charged with teaching "pharmacy, dentistry, arts and sciences, journalism education, literature, law, medicine and other professional courses." The legislature stipulated that "these courses shall be equivalent to those offered at other institutions of this type supported by the State of Texas." Given the differences in facilities and intangibles, such as the distance of the new school from Austin, the University of Texas School of Law, and other law students, the United States Supreme Court ruled the new facility did not satisfy "separate but equal" provisions.It ruled that African Americans must also be admitted to the University of Texas Law School at Austin. See ''Sweatt v. Painter'' (1950). In March 1960, Texas Southern University students organized the first Houston sit-in. The success of their sit-in inspired more civil right efforts throughout the city that within months led to the full desegregation of Houston's public establishments.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=How TSU students changed history )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Texas Southern University」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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